| Rank | Country | Production (MT) | Share % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Afghanistan | 1,000 | 35 | One of the two historical core origins for raw gum asafoetida; exports mostly in crude form to India, with volumes and trade stability highly sensitive to security and transit conditions.[2][1] |
| 2 | Iran | 900 | 30 | Long-established producer based mainly on Ferula assa-foetida and related species in southern and eastern Iran; exports crude gum and semi-processed product primarily to India and regional hubs.[2] |
| 4 | Turkmenistan | 240 | 8 | Hosts Ferula latisecta and other Ferula species used for asafoetida; contributes modest volumes of regional raw material feeding into Iranian and Indian processing.[2] |
Major importers
- India Traditionally almost entirely import-dependent for raw gum but the dominant global processor and blender; domestic cultivation programs aim to expand Ferula planting in Himalayan states to reduce reliance on Afghan and Iranian supplies.[1][2]
- China Xinjiang region produces asafoetida from Ferula sinkiangensis and Ferula fukanensis, mainly for domestic use with some export; trade volumes are small relative to West Asian origins.[2]
- Pakistan Hosts Ferula foetida in western regions; supplies limited quantities into informal and formal regional trade flows, often routed via neighboring countries.[2]