| Rank | Country | Production (MT) | Share % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 1 | 35 | Largest global producer and key exporter of groats and grain; production concentrated in central and southern regions with significant policy-driven export volatility.[5][8] |
| 1 | Russia | 1,079,971 | 50.2 | |
| 2 | China | 0.75 | 25 | Major producer used heavily for domestic noodle and flour demand, with exportable surplus from northern provinces and organic segments.[5] |
| 3 | Ukraine | 210,720 | 9.8 | |
| 4 | USA | 86,048 | 4 | |
| 5 | Kazakhstan | 83,491 | 3.9 |
Major importers
- Ukraine Traditional producer with exports oriented to EU and regional markets; logistics and planted area influenced by war-related disruptions and policy interventions.[2][8]
- Poland Significant EU producer and trader, both importing and re-exporting buckwheat and processed groats to wider EU markets.[3]
- Lithuania Functions as a regional hub in the Baltic area, importing and exporting buckwheat and groats with sizable trade relative to production.[3]
- United States Minor producer with about 27,000 acres planted; acts as both exporter of specialty qualities and importer from South America and Canada.[1][5]
- China