Cotton

Cotton is bought through bale-level fibre evidence, not name alone. Species or growth, colour and leaf grade, staple length, micronaire, strength, uniformity, trash, extraneous matter, origin and delivery terms determine whether two lots are comparable.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-03Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Global production
25.6M MT
2023/24
Market value
$32.5B
Producing countries tracked
9
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3
Latest reviewed evidence

This release uses current ICE Cotton No. 2 specifications and USDA cotton-classification standards. It reports contract and classification facts, not a live physical quote or an inferred bale value.

Cotton No. 2 contract size
50000
pounds net weight · current ICE specification
Regular contract months
5
March, May, July, October, December · current ICE specification
Upland physical colour standards
15
standards · current USDA standards page
Upland physical leaf standards
7
standards · current USDA standards page

Reference grade is not every bale

ICE Cotton No. 2 calls for physical delivery against a defined basis grade and staple length and restricts deliverable origin. A screen price is therefore tied to the contract's quality and delivery system. Other origins, qualities and locations require physical differentials and logistics evidence.

Bale-level classification

USDA classing uses instrument and visual measurements including colour, leaf, trash, micronaire, upper-half-mean length, length uniformity, strength and extraneous matter. Those fields should remain attached to the bale or lot rather than being collapsed into a generic cotton label.

Trade and custody fields

A comparable cotton offer identifies growth or origin, crop year, bale identifiers, classing authority and date, grade and fibre measures, contamination controls, quantity, currency, Incoterm, warehouse or load point, destination, shipment window and supporting certificates.

Questions procurement teams ask

Is Cotton No. 2 the price of every cotton bale?

No. It is an ICE reference contract with a defined basis grade, staple length, U.S. origin and delivery locations. Physical lots require their own quality and logistics evidence.

How large is one ICE Cotton No. 2 contract?

ICE specifies 50,000 pounds net weight.

Which fibre measurements affect cotton comparability?

Colour, leaf, trash, micronaire, staple or fibre length, length uniformity, strength and extraneous matter are core classification fields.

Which fields make cotton offers comparable?

Origin or growth, crop year, bale IDs, classing source and date, grade, fibre measures, contamination controls, quantity, currency, Incoterm, load point, destination, delivery window and evidence date.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

Cotton No. 2 Futures — contract specifications
Intercontinental Exchange · Primary exchange source · accessed 2026-09-03
Universal Upland Color and Leaf Grade Cotton Standards
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government grade standard · accessed 2026-09-03
Cotton data and analysis
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service · Primary government data and analysis index · accessed 2026-09-03
Grading systems
View →
National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
View →
Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
View →
Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
View →
Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.