Cotton (Pima)

American Pima is the U.S. extra-long-staple cotton class, not a premium label for any long fibre. A comparable bale or lot needs the stated growth, crop year, gin and bale identity, USDA classing record, color and leaf grade, length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, trash and extraneous-matter evidence, origin and delivery terms.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-14Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Market value
$1.9B
Producing countries tracked
9
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3
Latest reviewed evidence

The crop figures below are USDA's final 2025 American Pima estimates published in May 2026. They are dated U.S. production facts, not current global supply, a live cash quote, an export offer or proof of any specific bale. Physical value is withheld without lot-level classing, location, quantity, logistics and delivery evidence.

USDA final U.S. American Pima production
405000
480-pound bales · 2025 crop; final estimate published 2026-05-12
USDA final U.S. American Pima yield
1405
pounds per harvested acre · 2025 crop; final estimate published 2026-05-12
Standard statistical bale weight
480
pounds per bale · basis used in USDA 2025 final crop estimate
Practical American Pima color and leaf grade standards
6
physical standards representing the predominant range · current USDA AMS standards page accessed 2026-09-14

American Pima and Upland cotton stay separate

USDA treats American Pima as extra-long-staple cotton and maintains distinct Pima color and leaf grade standards. Cotton No. 2 is an Upland reference contract, so its screen price cannot be relabelled as the physical value of a Pima bale. Foreign extra-long-staple growths also need their own stated origin, classing system and equivalence evidence.

Classing evidence belongs to the bale

USDA classing records distinguish Upland from Pima and report color grade, leaf grade, length, length uniformity, strength, micronaire, instrument color, trash and extraneous matter. The National Database links official measurements to gin and bale identifiers. Atlas preserves those fields and the classing date instead of reducing Pima to a marketing adjective.

Crop totals do not price a lot

USDA's final 2025 estimate of U.S. American Pima output and yield describes a dated crop, not current availability or a particular lot. A physical comparison still requires crop year, growth and origin, bale list, classing evidence, contamination and moisture controls, quantity, currency, Incoterm, warehouse or load point, destination, shipment window and logistics.

Calibration, custody and test scope matter

USDA uses separate Extra-Long Staple HVI calibration cottons for length, length uniformity and strength, while micronaire calibration materials can serve Upland and ELS testing. A usable trade record identifies the classing authority, instrument or method scope, sample and bale chain, certificate identifier and any reclassification or processing after normal ginning.

Questions procurement teams ask

Is Pima cotton the same as Upland cotton?

No. USDA distinguishes American Pima as extra-long-staple cotton and applies dedicated Pima color and leaf grade standards. Upland and Pima records should not be merged.

Can ICE Cotton No. 2 be used as the Pima physical price?

No. Cotton No. 2 is an Upland reference contract. A Pima physical value needs lot-level quality, origin, location, quantity, logistics and delivery evidence.

What does USDA classing record for American Pima?

Official records can include Pima identity, color and leaf grade, length, length uniformity, strength, micronaire, instrument color, trash, extraneous matter and bale identifiers.

Which fields make Pima cotton offers comparable?

Growth and origin, crop year, gin and bale IDs, classing authority and date, color and leaf grade, length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, trash, extraneous matter, contamination controls, quantity, currency, Incoterm, load point, destination, shipment window and evidence vintage.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

American Pima Color and Leaf Grade Cotton
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government grade-standard source defining the practical American Pima color and leaf standards · accessed 2026-09-14
Crop Production — May 12, 2026
USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service · Primary government final 2025 crop estimate for U.S. American Pima production and yield; dated national evidence, not a live lot or price · accessed 2026-09-14
Cotton Classing Services
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government description of instrument and visual classification fields · accessed 2026-09-14
National Cotton Database
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government description of official bale-linked cotton quality records · accessed 2026-09-14
Calibration Cotton Standards
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government source distinguishing Extra-Long Staple HVI calibration materials · accessed 2026-09-14
Cotton Classification: Understanding the Data
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government field guide distinguishing Pima classification codes and measurements · accessed 2026-09-14
Grading systems
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National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
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Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
View →
Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
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Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.