Macadamia

Macadamia is not one interchangeable nut description. UNECE commercial-quality standards cover named Macadamia species and hybrids, but keep in-shell nuts and kernels in separate specifications; raw whole kernels, mixtures, pieces, roasted, salted, flavoured, oil, butter and other processed products also require distinct evidence. Atlas retains species or cultivar, in-shell or kernel form, style and size basis, moisture, defects, rancidity, microbiological and allergen controls, package, lot, origin and delivery terms before comparing offers.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-16Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Market value
$2.1B
Producing countries tracked
4
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3
Latest reviewed evidence

UNECE's 2025 DDP-23 macadamia-kernel document sets a 2.0-percent moisture ceiling. Its optional style definitions require at least 95 percent whole kernels for Style 0, 90 percent for Style I and 50 percent for Style II; the associated undersize allowances use 6.25- and 7.8-millimetre square openings. The aligned DDP-22 in-shell document retains a 10.0-percent kernel-moisture ceiling. These are identity and commercial-quality references, not lot inspection results, current availability or price.

UNECE macadamia-kernel moisture ceiling
2
percent, maximum · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE Style 0 whole-kernel minimum
95
percent whole kernels, minimum · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE Style I whole-kernel minimum
90
percent whole kernels, minimum · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE Style II whole-kernel minimum
50
percent whole kernels, minimum · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE Style 0 and I undersize opening
6.25
millimetres, square opening; 1 percent maximum passing · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE Style II undersize opening
7.8
millimetres, square opening; 2 percent maximum passing · UNECE DDP-23 aligned document, 2025
UNECE in-shell macadamia kernel-moisture ceiling
10
percent, maximum · UNECE DDP-22 aligned document, 2025

Macadamia species and cultivar identity come before grade

UNECE DDP-23 names cultivars grown from Macadamia integrifolia, Macadamia tetraphylla, Macadamia ternifolia and their hybrids. Kew recognizes those as separate accepted species within an accepted eastern-Australian genus. A common name alone does not establish species, cultivar or hybrid, and Atlas does not infer them from origin. Each observation retains the declared scientific identity, cultivar where known, orchard and processor origin, crop and packing dates and supporting documents before style, quality or value is compared.

In-shell nuts, kernels and processed products stay separate

UNECE maintains separate standards for in-shell macadamia nuts and kernels, and DDP-23 excludes kernels processed by salting, sugaring, flavouring or roasting as well as product intended for industrial processing. Shelling changes the traded weight, edible recovery, moisture basis, inspection surface and defects; roasting and further processing change moisture, oxidation, microbiological controls, ingredients and package life. Atlas records in-shell or kernel form, raw or processed state, whole, mixture or piece presentation, added ingredients, net weight and any documented recovery basis instead of silently converting one product into another.

Style, size, defects and moisture require representative inspection

DDP-23 classifies kernels as Class I or Class II and permits optional sizing or style designations. Style 0, I, II and III use different proportions of whole kernels, halves or larger pieces and different undersize screens. Minimum requirements also address development, blemishes, pests, mould, rancidity, external moisture and foreign smell or taste. Atlas therefore retains the named class and style, sampling plan, whole and piece percentages, screen size and passing fraction, moisture method and result, defect counts, sensory assessment, package uniformity, lot and inspection date; a seller grade word is not accepted as proof.

Food-safety and allergen evidence remain lot- and destination-specific

FDA's tree-nut work includes prevalence research on Salmonella in macadamia nuts, and its recall record shows that a named raw-macadamia lot was recalled after sampling found potential Salmonella contamination. This does not establish risk or compliance for another shipment. Atlas attaches microbiological plan and results, applicable contaminant and pesticide evidence, allergen declaration and cross-contact controls, process validation where used, traceability identifiers, laboratory and test dates and destination requirements to the exact lot rather than generalizing from a standard or historical incident.

A style or moisture limit does not establish a delivered macadamia price

A 2.0-percent kernel-moisture ceiling, a 10.0-percent in-shell kernel-moisture ceiling or a Style 0 whole-kernel percentage does not establish actual species, edible recovery, lot grade, safety status, current availability, transaction value, freight or destination cost. A delivered comparison still needs permitted current observations for the exact species or cultivar, in-shell or kernel product, style and size, quality and safety evidence, package, origin, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window, route costs and information vintage. Atlas withholds a physical estimate when those observations or usage rights are missing.

Questions procurement teams ask

Are in-shell macadamia nuts and macadamia kernels the same trade product?

No. UNECE maintains separate standards. Shelling changes traded weight, edible recovery, moisture basis, inspection surface, defects, processing and value, so the two forms require separate observations or a documented conversion.

Do raw, roasted, salted and flavoured macadamias use one specification?

No. UNECE DDP-23 covers unprocessed kernels for direct consumption or mixing without further processing and excludes salted, sugared, flavoured, roasted and industrial-processing products. Those forms need their own process, ingredient, moisture, safety and package evidence.

Does a Style 0 declaration prove that a macadamia lot is premium?

No. Style 0 defines a minimum whole-kernel proportion and an undersize allowance. The lot still needs representative inspection, moisture, class, defects, rancidity, mould, pest, food-safety, package and traceability evidence.

Which fields make macadamia offers comparable?

Scientific species or hybrid and cultivar, orchard and processor origin, crop and packing dates, in-shell or kernel form, raw or processed state, class, style, whole and piece percentages, size and screen basis, moisture method and result, defects, rancidity, mould and pest condition, microbiological, contaminant, pesticide and allergen evidence, package and lot, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window and evidence date.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

UNECE Standard DDP-23 — Macadamia Nut Kernels
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · Primary UNECE register and 2025 aligned commercial-quality document defining species scope, raw-kernel product boundaries, 2.0-percent moisture ceiling, classes and optional style and sizing requirements; the standard is not a lot certificate · accessed 2026-09-16
UNECE Standard DDP-22 — Inshell Macadamia Nuts
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe · Primary UNECE 2025 aligned in-shell commercial-quality document retaining the 10.0-percent kernel-moisture ceiling and separating in-shell quality requirements from kernel requirements; it is not a lot result · accessed 2026-09-16
Plants of the World Online — Macadamia F.Muell.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · Primary Kew taxonomic record accepting the Macadamia genus and listing M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and M. ternifolia among its accepted species; taxonomy does not prove a commercial lot's species or cultivar · accessed 2026-09-16
Risk Assessments: Salmonella on Tree Nuts
U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary FDA research index identifying macadamia nuts within tree-nut Salmonella prevalence work; research scope supports lot-specific microbial evidence and does not establish another lot's result · accessed 2026-09-16
Terrafina Macadamia in the Raw Recall
U.S. Food and Drug Administration · Primary FDA-posted company recall record identifying the exact raw-macadamia product, lot and sampling-based potential Salmonella finding; the historical incident is not evidence about another lot · accessed 2026-09-16
Grading systems
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National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
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Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
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Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
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Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.