Teff

Teff is not one interchangeable grain specification. Comparable records preserve accepted Eragrostis tef identity, named variety and declared white, red, brown or mixed market class, food grain, planting seed, flour or forage use, whole or milled form, crop year, moisture, foreign matter, damaged or discoloured grain, mycotoxin and residue evidence, cleaning and milling treatment, origin, storage, packing and lot identity. Atlas keeps teff grain separate from teff flour, planting seed, hay and straw before comparing offers.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-18Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Market value
$1.9B
Producing countries tracked
4
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3
Latest reviewed evidence

Kew accepts Eragrostis tef in the grass family, and Codex classifies Teff or Tef as GC 0652 while listing teff hay and straw separately in its feed classification. The EU's consolidated contaminant regulation sets general cereal-category maximums that cover teff when the stated product scope and destination apply: 1,000 micrograms per kilogram for deoxynivalenol in unprocessed cereal grains, 600 micrograms per kilogram in general cereal milling products, 100 micrograms per kilogram for zearalenone in unprocessed cereal grains and 75 micrograms per kilogram for zearalenone in final-consumer cereals and flour. These are EU product-scope limits, not universal grades or results for an offered lot.

EU unprocessed general-cereal deoxynivalenol ceiling
1000
micrograms per kilogram, maximum; general first-stage-processing category covering teff · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated July 1, 2025
EU general cereal-milling-product deoxynivalenol ceiling
600
micrograms per kilogram, maximum; general cereal milling category covering teff · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated July 1, 2025
EU unprocessed general-cereal zearalenone ceiling
100
micrograms per kilogram, maximum; general first-stage-processing category covering teff · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated July 1, 2025
EU final-consumer general-cereal zearalenone ceiling
75
micrograms per kilogram, maximum; general final-consumer cereal and flour category covering teff · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated July 1, 2025

Eragrostis tef identity and named variety come before grade

Kew accepts Eragrostis tef and records it in Poaceae, while Codex names Teff or Tef as GC 0652. That identity does not establish a particular variety, colour class, origin or commercial grade. Atlas retains the authority's accepted taxon, seller nomenclature, named variety, seed or crop documentation and production origin rather than inferring identity from a generic millet, ancient-grain or gluten-free label.

Grain, planting seed, flour and forage stay separate

Codex classifies teff grain separately from teff hay and straw, and Ethiopia's standards catalogue lists separate specifications for teff flour and teff injera. Planting seed additionally needs variety, generation, purity, germination, treatment and phytosanitary evidence that food grain does not establish. Atlas preserves intended use, product form and governing specification rather than transferring a grain result to flour, seed or forage.

White, red and brown market classes require declared evidence

Teff kernels may be described by colour, but a colour word alone does not prove variety, purity, milling performance, sensory result or premium. Atlas records the declared colour class, named variety, tolerance for other colours, test method, representative sample, crop year, origin and lot. Mixed or unspecified lots remain explicit instead of being silently converted into white, red or brown teff.

Moisture, foreign matter and mycotoxins need representative lot tests

The EU contaminant schedule separates unprocessed cereal grain, final-consumer cereal and flour, milling products and other processed categories. Atlas retains destination, product form, sampling plan, moisture basis, foreign matter and damaged-grain results, laboratory preparation, individual mycotoxin result, method, quantification limit, laboratory and test date. A regulatory ceiling is never presented as an offered lot's measured result.

Gluten-related claims require product scope and cross-contact evidence

A botanical teff identity is not enough to establish that a packaged grain, flour or processed food meets a destination's gluten-free claim threshold. Harvesting, storage, transport and milling can introduce cross-contact, and a finished-food claim may need product-specific testing and labelling review. Atlas keeps species identity, facility controls, laboratory evidence and destination claim rules as separate fields.

A classification or contaminant limit does not establish a delivered teff price

A taxonomic identity, colour class, commodity code or contaminant ceiling does not establish availability, lot conformance, transaction value or delivered cost. A physical comparison still needs permitted current observations for the exact grain, flour, seed or forage product, variety and colour, measured quality and contaminant evidence, origin, crop and packing dates, storage, package and lot, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window, freight and information vintage. Atlas withholds a physical estimate when those observations or usage rights are missing.

Questions procurement teams ask

Is every teff lot the same commercial product?

No. Variety, colour class, intended use, whole or milled form, moisture, condition, contaminant evidence, origin and crop year can differ. Those fields must travel with the lot.

Can food-grade teff grain be sold as planting seed?

Not on food evidence alone. Planting seed requires the applicable variety, generation, purity, germination, treatment and phytosanitary records. Intended use must be explicit.

Does a white, red or brown label prove teff quality?

No. Colour is one declared characteristic. It does not by itself prove variety, colour purity, moisture, foreign matter, milling performance, contaminant status or conformance with a buyer specification.

Is every teff product automatically eligible for a gluten-free claim?

No. Species identity and finished-product claim compliance are different questions. Cross-contact controls, testing and current destination labelling rules may be required.

Which fields make teff offers comparable?

Accepted species and declared nomenclature, variety and colour class, food, feed or planting use, whole grain, flour, hay or straw form, crop year, moisture, foreign matter and damaged or discoloured grain, mycotoxin and residue results, cleaning or milling treatment, origin, storage, packing and lot, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window and evidence date.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter — Plants of the World Online
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · Primary botanical authority accepting Eragrostis tef in Poaceae; taxonomic identity does not establish variety, colour, intended use, origin, grade or lot conformity · accessed 2026-09-18
CXA 4-1989 — Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds
Codex Alimentarius Commission, FAO/WHO · Primary Codex classification identifying Teff or Tef as GC 0652 and distinguishing teff hay and straw in feed classification; it is not a commercial grade or lot result · accessed 2026-09-18
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 — maximum levels for certain contaminants in food, consolidated July 1, 2025
European Union · Primary consolidated EU regulation defining product-scope deoxynivalenol and zearalenone limits for general cereal categories that include teff when applicable; it does not certify an offered lot · accessed 2026-09-18
Ethiopian Standards Catalogue 2021 — teff flour and teff injera specifications
Ethiopian Standards Institute · Primary national standards catalogue showing separate teff flour and teff injera specifications; the catalogue listing does not supply a lot result or authorize transferring requirements between products · accessed 2026-09-18
Grading systems
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National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
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Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
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Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
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Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.