Timber

Global timber production reached approximately 4.0 billion cubic meters in 2023, dominated by industrial roundwood and fuelwood for construction, pulp, and energy sectors. Major producers include India, China, USA, and Indonesia, with significant trade flows from Southeast Asia and Scandinavia to Europe and Asia-Pacific. Market value exceeds $200 billion USD annually, driven by construction demand and sustainable forestry certification premiums.

Structured Atlas recordRelease 2026-09-19-batch-230
Global production
4B MT
2023
Market value
$200B
Producing countries tracked
4
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3

Structured market record

Atlas renders the supported agricultural record and its indexed evidence lanes. Values keep their stored scope and vintage; reference markets are not physical delivered prices.

HS classifications

Indexed evidence lanes

These are compact previews of the underlying Atlas records. Open each section for its complete evidence set and stored detail.

Leading origins
  • India · rank 1
  • China · rank 2
  • United States · rank 3
  • Indonesia · rank 4
Grading frameworks
  • FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) Certification
Supply risks
  • Illegal logging and forest depletion · high
  • Extreme weather and wildfires · high
  • Port congestion and shipping delays · medium
Trade documents
  • CITES Permit (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)
  • EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) Declaration
  • Lacey Act Declaration (US)
  • Bill of Lading and Commercial Invoice
Reference markets
  • Softwood Lumber (2x4 SPF) · Vancouver, Canada
  • Hardwood Logs (Teak, Myanmar Origin) · Bangkok, Thailand
  • Plywood (3-ply, China Export) · Shanghai, China
Grading systems
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National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
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Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
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Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
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Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.