Wheat

Wheat is traded by class, grade and end use—not as one interchangeable grain. Milling wheat, feed wheat, soft and hard classes require different protein, test-weight, defect and functional specifications, while futures remain reference instruments rather than delivered physical offers.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-03Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Global production
800M MT
2024/25
Market value
$220B
Producing countries tracked
26
Grading systems
7
Active supply risks
11
Trade corridors
10
Latest reviewed evidence

This release uses current CME Chicago SRW contract specifications and official USDA grain standards. Contract quantities are reference-market definitions, not a live physical quote or a global crop estimate.

Chicago SRW contract size
5000
bushels · current CME specification
Approximate contract mass
136
metric tons · current CME specification
Regular delivery months
5
July, September, December, March, May · current CME specification

Class, grade and end use

Chicago SRW is one reference-market contract, not a definition for all wheat. A physical lot should name class or variety, crop year, official or contractual grade, milling or feed use, protein basis, test weight, moisture, falling number where relevant, defects and contamination limits.

Reference contract versus physical lot

CME defines a 5,000-bushel Chicago SRW contract quoted in U.S. cents per bushel. A physical export offer adds origin, elevation or loading point, quality differentials, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination and shipment window. Atlas keeps those layers separate.

Inspection and documentary control

USDA grain standards provide official grade architecture, while contracts may add buyer-specific requirements. Procurement evidence can include inspection certificates, phytosanitary documents, certificates of origin, fumigation or treatment records, weight evidence and testing methods tied to the lot.

Questions procurement teams ask

Is Chicago wheat the price of every wheat shipment?

No. It is a Soft Red Winter reference contract. Physical wheat varies by class, grade, protein, origin, quality differential, Incoterm and delivery period.

How large is one Chicago SRW wheat contract?

CME specifies 5,000 bushels, approximately 136 metric tons.

Why does wheat class matter?

Different classes have different protein, hardness and functional properties, which affect milling, baking, feed use and commercial value.

Which fields make wheat offers comparable?

Class or variety, crop year, grade, protein basis, test weight, moisture, defects, quantity, currency, origin, Incoterm, destination, shipment window and evidence date.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

Chicago SRW Wheat Futures — contract specifications
CME Group · Primary exchange source · accessed 2026-09-03
Official United States Standards for Wheat
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service · Primary government grade standard · accessed 2026-09-03
Grains, Feeds and Fodders
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service · Primary government data and analysis index · accessed 2026-09-03
Grading systems
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National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
View →
Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
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Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
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Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.