Benchmark contracts
| Benchmark | Type | Contract spec | Unit | Range | As of | Deliverable grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest Europe wholesale (e.g., Rotterdam)Headline | physical_cif | Hass variety, Class I, sizes 16–22, sound fruit, CIF main Northwest Europe ports, packed in 4 kg cartons.[1][6] | USD/MT | 3000–4200 | Dec 2025 | — |
| Spanish wholesale markets (e.g., Mercamadrid) | physical_fob | Typical wholesale unit price reported at 4.17 USD/kg, various origins, standard Class I fruit.[1] | USD/MT | 4170–4170 | Dec 2025 | — |
| Dutch wholesale hubs (e.g., Rotterdam, Amsterdam) | physical_cif | CIF prices reported at 3.44 USD/kg for fresh avocados from mixed origins.[1] | USD/MT | 3440–3440 | Dec 2025 | — |
| Peru export statistics | physical_fob | Average December 2025 unit export price of 2.33 USD/kg, mainly Hass Class I fruit exported to EU.[1] | USD/MT | 2330–2330 | Dec 2025 | — |
Premium structure
Differentials between benchmarks reveal where physical avocado trades relative to the futures reference and how regional grades price against the global standard.
| Benchmark | Differential | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Northwest Europe wholesale (e.g., Rotterdam) | — | |
| Spanish wholesale markets (e.g., Mercamadrid) | Trades at a premium versus Dutch wholesale levels by ~20% in Dec 2025.[1] | |
| Dutch wholesale hubs (e.g., Rotterdam, Amsterdam) | Serves as a reference for EU import prices; Spain trades at a modest premium and re‑export origins at small differentials.[1] | |
| Peru export statistics | Typically trades at a discount to EU wholesale prices reflecting freight, ripening and distribution margins.[1] |
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