Poppy Seeds

Poppy seeds are not one interchangeable commodity. Comparable trade records preserve Papaver somniferum identity, named variety and colour, whole, ground or milled food form, planting-seed, pressed-oil, press-cake or other intended-use lane, maturity, purity and extraneous matter, moisture, oil content, opium-alkaloid and residue laboratory results, cleaning or washing treatment, origin, harvest, packing and lot evidence. Atlas keeps edible seed separate from planting, oil, meal, poppy-straw, capsule and pharmaceutical raw-material lanes before comparing offers.

Editorial evidence reviewedReviewed 2026-09-18Release 2026-09-19-batch-230
Market value
$1.4B
Producing countries tracked
7
Grading systems
1
Active supply risks
3
Trade corridors
3
Latest reviewed evidence

India's FSSAI compendium defines whole poppy seed as dried mature Papaver somniferum seed and sets maximum extraneous matter at 2 percent and moisture at 11 percent, plus minimum non-volatile ether extract on a dry basis at 40 percent. The EU's consolidated contaminant regulation sets a 20-milligram-per-kilogram maximum for the sum of opium alkaloids in whole, ground or milled poppy seeds placed on the market for the final consumer, while bakery products containing poppy seeds or derived products have a separate 1.50-milligram-per-kilogram maximum. These are destination- and product-specific regulatory references, not universal grades or test results for an offered lot.

FSSAI whole-poppy-seed extraneous-matter ceiling
2
percent by weight, maximum · FSSAI Food Products Standards compendium, December 20, 2022
FSSAI whole-poppy-seed moisture ceiling
11
percent by weight, maximum · FSSAI Food Products Standards compendium, December 20, 2022
FSSAI whole-poppy-seed non-volatile ether-extract floor
40
percent by weight on dry basis, minimum · FSSAI Food Products Standards compendium, December 20, 2022
EU final-consumer poppy-seed opium-alkaloid ceiling
20
milligrams per kilogram, maximum sum of morphine equivalents · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated August 10, 2023
EU poppy-seed bakery-product opium-alkaloid ceiling
1.5
milligrams per kilogram, maximum sum of morphine equivalents · Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 consolidated August 10, 2023; separate finished-product category

Papaver somniferum identity and food use come before grade

Kew accepts Papaver somniferum in Papaveraceae, while Codex classifies poppy seed as SO 0698 and separately classifies edible poppy-seed oil. Botanical acceptance and a commodity code do not establish the offered lot's variety, colour, intended use, origin or legal status. Atlas retains accepted identity evidence, supplier declaration, named variety, food-use lane, country of production and lot identity before applying any grade or threshold.

Food seed, planting seed, oil, meal and regulated raw materials stay separate

Whole, ground and milled edible seeds, planting seed, pressed oil, press cake or meal, poppy straw, capsules and pharmaceutical raw materials have different identity, processing, regulatory and evidence requirements. Atlas never transfers a measurement, regulatory allowance or price across those lanes without a documented conversion and legal basis, and it verifies current origin and destination rules for the exact product and use.

Moisture, purity and oil content require destination-specific evidence

FSSAI's whole-seed references cover mature dried seed, extraneous matter, moisture and non-volatile ether extract. They are Indian food-standard thresholds rather than a universal commercial grade. Atlas records the governing jurisdiction, declared colour and variety, sampling plan, method, result, laboratory and date with the lot, and verifies the destination specification instead of copying one authority's figures into every contract.

Opium-alkaloid limits require product scope and laboratory evidence

The EU 20-milligram-per-kilogram reference applies to the defined sum of opium alkaloids in whole, ground or milled poppy seeds placed on the market for final consumers. The separate 1.50-milligram-per-kilogram bakery-product limit cannot be transferred to raw seed. Atlas retains product scope, preparation or treatment, representative sample, analytical method, reporting basis, individual analytes, summed result, laboratory, destination and test date before assessing compliance.

Cleaning, treatment and contamination need representative lot inspection

FSSAI requires whole seed to be free from off flavour, mustiness, rancidity, mould, insects, insect fragments, rodent contamination, added colour and harmful substances. Alkaloid-reduction cleaning or washing can also affect evidence and product condition. Atlas retains cleaning, washing, drying and other treatment records, foreign-matter and condition inspection, residue and microbiological evidence where required, processor, packing and storage conditions with the sampled lot.

A food standard or alkaloid limit does not establish a delivered price

A moisture ceiling, oil-content floor or opium-alkaloid limit does not establish an offered lot's actual identity, conformance, availability, transaction value or delivered cost. A physical comparison still needs permitted current observations for the exact variety and colour, food or planting use, whole, ground or milled form, measured composition and alkaloid result, treatment, origin, harvest and packing dates, package and lot, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window, freight and information vintage. Atlas withholds a physical estimate when those observations or usage rights are missing.

Questions procurement teams ask

Are edible poppy seed and planting seed the same trade product?

No. Intended use changes documentation, treatment, germination, phytosanitary and destination requirements. Food-seed evidence cannot be treated as planting-seed qualification, or vice versa.

Does the EU 20 milligram-per-kilogram limit apply to every poppy product worldwide?

No. It is an EU maximum for the defined sum of opium alkaloids in whole, ground or milled poppy seeds placed on the market for final consumers. Other products and destinations require their own current rules.

Can the 1.50 milligram-per-kilogram bakery limit be applied to raw poppy seed?

No. It is a separate finished bakery-product category. Product scope, processing and the applicable destination rule must remain explicit.

Does a Papaver somniferum identity prove that a seed lot is food compliant?

No. Species identity does not prove variety, intended use, purity, moisture, oil content, alkaloid profile, residue status, treatment, condition or destination compliance. Those require lot-specific evidence.

Which fields make poppy-seed offers comparable?

Papaver somniferum identity, variety and colour, food or planting use, whole, ground or milled form, maturity, purity and extraneous matter, moisture, oil content, alkaloid and residue results, cleaning or washing treatment, origin, harvest and packing dates, processor, package and lot, quantity, currency, Incoterm, destination, delivery window, storage and evidence date.

Sources and provenance

Figures retain their source, period and review date. Corroboration is not promoted to primary evidence.

Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations — Poppy (Khas Khas) Whole
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India · Primary FSSAI compendium snapshot defining whole poppy-seed identity, condition and composition references; current destination law and offered-lot conformity must be verified · accessed 2026-09-18
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 — maximum levels for certain contaminants in food
European Union · Primary consolidated EU regulation containing product-specific maximum levels for the sum of opium alkaloids in final-consumer poppy seeds and in bakery products; it does not certify an offered lot · accessed 2026-09-18
CXA 4-1989 — Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds
Codex Alimentarius Commission, FAO/WHO · Primary Codex classification identifying poppy seed as SO 0698 and edible poppy-seed oil separately as OR 0698; classification is not a commercial grade or lot result · accessed 2026-09-18
Papaver somniferum L. — Plants of the World Online
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · Primary botanical authority accepting Papaver somniferum in Papaveraceae; species acceptance does not establish variety, intended use, origin, grade, regulatory status or lot identity · accessed 2026-09-18
Grading systems
View →
National and regional grading frameworks defining tradeable quality.
Producers
View →
Country-level production, share of global output, exporter/importer status.
Supply risks
View →
Active and seasonal supply-side risks — weather, disease, geopolitical, regulatory.
Documentation
View →
Required export and import documents per origin-destination corridor.